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Isotopen van hafnium
Es Chemisches ElementHafnium (Hf), mit a Atommasse ab 178.49(2) Sie, besitzt 5 Stall Isotope: 176hf, 177hf, 178hf, 179Hf, und 180Hf, das letzte davon am meisten reichlich (etwa 35%). Darüber hinaus in der Natur auch die Radioisotop174Hf dafür, der halbes Leben ab 2 BillardJahr Besitz. Die verbleibenden 29 Radioisotope sind instabil und haben relativ kurze Halbwertszeiten (die meisten weniger als ein .). zweite). Alle stabilen Isotope werden vermutet durch -zerfallen in Isotope von umwandeln Ytterbium, aber dieser Zerfall wurde nie beobachtet.
Das kurzlebige Isotop von Hafnium ist 153Hf, mit einer Halbwertszeit von etwa 400 Millisekunden. Die langlebigste ist 174Hf, mit einer Halbwertszeit von 2 Billiarden Jahren.
Überblick
| Nuklid | Z (p) | N (nein) | Isotope Masse (u) | halbes Leben | Radioaktiver Zerfall | VP | Kernspin | Isotopenverhältnis (Molenbruch) | Natürliches Vorkommen (Molbruch) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anregungsenergie | |||||||||
| 153hf | 72 | 81 | 152,97069(54) | 400ms | 1/2 | ||||
| 153 mhf | 750(100) keV | 500 ms | 11/2− | ||||||
| 154hf | 72 | 82 | 153,96486(54) | 2(1) s | β | 154lu | 0 | ||
| α (selten) | 150yb | ||||||||
| 155hf | 72 | 83 | 154,96339(43) | 890(120) ms | β | 155lu | 7/2− | ||
| α (komisch) | 151yb | ||||||||
| 156hf | 72 | 84 | 155,95936(22) | 23(1) ms | (97%) | 152yb | 0 | ||
| β (3%) | 156lu | ||||||||
| 156 mhf | 1959,0(10) keV | 480(40) µs | 8 | ||||||
| 157hf | 72 | 85 | 156,95840(21) | 115(1) ms | (86%) | 153yb | 7/2− | ||
| β (14%) | 157lu | ||||||||
| 158hf | 72 | 86 | 157,954799(19) | 2,84(7) s | β (55%) | 158lu | 0 | ||
| (45%) | 154yb | ||||||||
| 159hf | 72 | 87 | 158,953995(18) | 5.20(10) s | β (59%) | 159lu | 7/2− | ||
| (41%) | 155yb | ||||||||
| 160hf | 72 | 88 | 159,950684(12) | 13,6(2) Sek. | β (99,3%) | 160lu | 0 | ||
| (0,7%) | 156yb | ||||||||
| 161hf | 72 | 89 | 160,950275(24) | 18.2(5) s | β (99,7%) | 161lu | 3/2− | ||
| (0,3%) | 157yb | ||||||||
| 162hf | 72 | 90 | 161,94721(1) | 39,4(9) s | β (99,99%) | 162lu | 0 | ||
| (0,008%) | 158yb | ||||||||
| 163hf | 72 | 91 | 162,94709(3) | 40,0(6) Sek. | β | 163lu | 3/2− | ||
| (10−4%) | 159yb | ||||||||
| 164hf | 72 | 92 | 163,944367(22) | 111(8) s | β | 164lu | 0 | ||
| 165hf | 72 | 93 | 164,94457(3) | 76(4) s | β | 165lu | (5/2−) | ||
| 166hf | 72 | 94 | 165,94218(3) | 6,77 (30) Minuten | β | 166lu | 0 | ||
| 167hf | 72 | 95 | 166,94260(3) | 2,05(5) min | β | 167lu | 5/2− | ||
| 168hf | 72 | 96 | 167,94057(3) | 25,95(20) min | β | 168lu | 0 | ||
| 169hf | 72 | 97 | 168,94126(3) | 3,24(4) min | β | 169lu | 5/2− | ||
| 170hf | 72 | 98 | 169,93961(3) | 16.01(13) Stunden | EV | 170lu | 0 | ||
| 171hf | 72 | 99 | 170,94049(3) | 12.1(4) Stunden | β | 171lu | 7/2 | ||
| 171mhf | 21.93(9) keV | 29,5(9) s | ES | 171hf | 1/2− | ||||
| 172hf | 72 | 100 | 171,939448(26) | 1,87(3) Jahre | EV | 172lu | 0 | ||
| 172mhf | 2005,58(11) keV | 163(3) ns | (8−) | ||||||
| 173hf | 72 | 101 | 172,94051(3) | 23,6(1) Stunden | β | 173lu | 1/2− | ||
| 174hf | 72 | 102 | 173,940046(3) | 2,0(4) × 1015 Jahr | α | 170yb | 0 | 0,0016(1) | 0,001619 - 0,001621 |
| 174m1hf | 1549.3 keV | 138(4) ns | (6) | ||||||
| 174m2hf | 1797,5(20) keV | 2,39(4) µs | (8−) | ||||||
| 174m3hf | 1797,5 keV | 2,39(4) µs | (8−) | ||||||
| 174m4hf | 3311.7 keV | 3,7 (2) µs | (14) | ||||||
| 175hf | 72 | 103 | 174,941509(3) | 70(2) Tage | β | 175lu | 5/2− | ||
| 176hf | 72 | 104 | 175,9414086(24) | stabil | 0 | 0,0526(7) | 0,05206 - 0,05271 | ||
| 177hf | 72 | 105 | 176,9432207(23) | stabil | 7/2− | 0,1860(9) | 0,18593 - 0,18606 | ||
| 177m1hf | 1315.4504(8) keV | 1,09(5) s | 23/2 | ||||||
| 177m2hf | 1342,38(20) keV | 55,9(12) µs | (19/2−) | ||||||
| 177m3hf | 2740.02(15) keV | 51,4(5) min | 37/2− | ||||||
| 178hf | 72 | 106 | 177,9436988(23) | stabil | 0 | 0,2728(7) | 0,27278 - 0,27297 | ||
| 178m1hf | 1147.423(5) keV | 4,0(2) Sek. | 8− | ||||||
| 178m2hf | 2573,5(5) keV | 68(2) µs | (14−) | ||||||
| 178m3hf | 2445,69(11) keV | 31(1) Jahre | 16 | ||||||
| 179hf | 72 | 107 | 178,9458161(23) | stabil | 9/2 | 0,1362(2) | 0,13619 - 0,1363 | ||
| 179m1hf | 375,0367(25) keV | 18.67(4) s | 1/2− | ||||||
| 179m2hf | 1105,84(19) keV | 25,05 (25) Tage | 25/2− | ||||||
| 180hf | 72 | 108 | 179,9465500(23) | stabil | 0 | 0,3508(16) | 0,35076 - 0,351 | ||
| 180m1hf | 1141.48(4) keV | 5,47(4) Stunden | 8− | ||||||
| 180m2hf | 1374,15(4) keV | 0,57(2) µs | (4−) | ||||||
| 180m3hf | 2425,8(10) keV | 15(5) µs | (10) | ||||||
| 180m4hf | 2486.3(9) keV | 10(1) µs | 12 | ||||||
| 180m5hf | 2538.3(12) keV | > 10 µs | (14) | ||||||
| 180m6hf | 3599.3(18) keV | 90(10) µs | (18−) | ||||||
| 181hf | 72 | 109 | 180,9491012(23) | 42,39(6) Tage | β− | 181ta | 1/2− | ||
| 181m1hf | 595(3) keV | 80(5) µs | (9/2) | ||||||
| 181m2hf | 1040(10) keV | ± 100 µs | (17/2) | ||||||
| 181m3hf | 1738(10) keV | 1,5(5)ms | (27/2−) | ||||||
| 182hf | 72 | 110 | 181,950554(7) | 8,90(9) × 106 Jahr | β− | 182ta | 0 | ||
| 182 mhf | 1172,88(18) keV | 61,5(15) min | β− (58%) | 182ta | 8− | ||||
| IT (42%) | 182hf | ||||||||
| 183hf | 72 | 111 | 182,95353(3) | 1.067(17) Stunden | β− | 183ta | (3/2−) | ||
| 184hf | 72 | 112 | 183,95545(4) | 4.12(5) Stunden | β− | 184ta | 0 | ||
| 184mhf | 1272,4(4) keV | 48(10) s | β− | 184ta | 8− | ||||
| 185hf | 72 | 113 | 184,95882(21) | 3,5(6) Minuten | β− | 185ta | 3/2− | ||
| 186hf | 72 | 114 | 185,96089(32) | 2,6(12) min | β− | 186ta | 0 | ||
| 187hf | 72 | 115 | 186,96459(43) | 30 Sekunden | |||||
| 188hf | 72 | 116 | 187,96685(54) | 20 Sek. | 0 | ||||
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